Who guarantees the security of the eastern flank now that the American presence is smaller and more of the responsibility sits with Europeans. Which capabilities have to exist in practice, not on paper, for deterrence to be credible, by when, and how much of that Romania is expected to carry. And what cooperation in the Black Sea has produced so far, from demining to protecting submarine cables.

At the table: ambassadors of allied states, defence decision-makers at state secretary level, and international manufacturers that already build in Romania.

The battlefield has changed. Cheap systems now produce strategic effects, airspace is violated routinely, and navigation and communications can no longer be assumed in a contested electromagnetic spectrum. The panel follows the reaction chain, from detection to decision to interception, then turns to industry: what it takes to move from prototype to serial production in drones, armoured vehicles, ammunition and command systems, what remains dependent on imports, and who owns the software everything else runs on.

At the table: Romanian and international manufacturers, a producer of unmanned systems with battlefield experience, and the institutions responsible for cyber security.

SAFE is a loan, and it will be repaid. The question is what will exist in the Romanian economy when repayment begins: production capacity and jobs, or equipment bought abroad. How the share that stays in Romania is calculated, what counts towards it, and who verifies it. And what financing looks like for a supplier that does not yet hold a signed contract.

At the table: ministers, the banking sector, investment funds with a defence mandate, and private suppliers inside major procurement programmes.